Connect SSH Client via Proxy

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A proxy act as an intermediary host where you could tunnel your connection through the proxy to access another host. Tunneling your SSH connection via a proxy, among other things, could allow you to access hosts in a private network or under a NAT. As such, a proxy avoids the need to set up a more complex infrastructure such as a VPN.

OpenSSH's SSH client supports connecting through both SOCKS and HTTPS proxy. It is achieved with the ProxyCommand option alongside third-party programs such as nc or netcat.

Steps to connect to SSH server via SOCKS or HTTPS proxy:

  1. Create SOCKS or HTTPS proxy if you don't already have one.

  2. Test if the SOCKS or HTTPS proxy is reachable from the SSH client's host (optional).

    $ nc -zv 127.0.0.1 2222
    Connection to 127.0.0.1 2222 port [tcp/*] succeeded!
    -v      Produce more verbose output.
    -z      Only scan for listening daemons, without sending any data to
            them.  Cannot be used together with -l.

  3. Use ProxyCommand as option for SSH client.

    $ ssh -o ProxyCommand='nc -X4 -x 127.0.0.1:2222 %h %p' remoteuser@remotehost
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    -X proxy_protocol
            Use proxy_protocol when talking to the proxy server.  Supported
            protocols are 4 (SOCKS v.4), 5 (SOCKS v.5) and connect (HTTPS
            proxy).  If the protocol is not specified, SOCKS version 5 is
            used.

    -x proxy_address[:port]
            Connect to destination using a proxy at proxy_address and port.
            If port is not specified, the well-known port for the proxy pro‐
            tocol is used (1080 for SOCKS, 3128 for HTTPS).  An IPv6 address
            can be specified unambiguously by enclosing proxy_address in
            square brackets.  A proxy cannot be used with any of the options
            -lsuU.

  4. Add ProxyCommand to SSH client configuration file for persistence.

    $ cat .ssh/config
    Host remotehost
        hostname 192.168.1.10
        user remoteuser
        ProxyCommand nc -X4 -x 127.0.0.1:2222 %h %p

  5. Connect again using SSH client with just the Host name as parameter.

    $ ssh remotehost